diff --git a/tests/aot/ref/001.phpt b/tests/aot/ref/001.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc53eaa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/aot/ref/001.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+--TEST--
+ref 001
+--SKIPIF--
+<?php
+exit("skip: not supported in AOT");
+?>
+--FILE--
+<?php
+
+class TreeHelper
+{
+    public static function toTree(array $array, $idKey = 'id', $parentKey = 'pid', $childrenKey = 'children')
+    {
+        $tree       = [];
+        $references = [];
+
+        // 第一次遍历：创建所有节点的引用
+        foreach ($array as &$node) {
+            $node[$childrenKey]        = [];  // 初始化children
+            $references[$node[$idKey]] = &$node;
+        }
+        unset($node);
+
+        // 第二次遍历：构建树
+        foreach ($array as &$node) {
+            $parentId = $node[$parentKey];
+
+            if (empty($parentId) || !isset($references[$parentId])) {
+                // 根节点或父节点不存在
+                $tree[] = &$node;
+            } else {
+                // 子节点
+                $references[$parentId][$childrenKey][] = &$node;
+            }
+        }
+        unset($node);
+
+        return $tree;
+    }
+}
+
+function main()
+{
+    // 测试数据
+    $list = [
+        ['id' => 1, 'pid' => 0, 'name' => '中国'],
+        ['id' => 2, 'pid' => 1, 'name' => '广东省'],
+        ['id' => 3, 'pid' => 1, 'name' => '浙江省'],
+        ['id' => 4, 'pid' => 2, 'name' => '广州市'],
+        ['id' => 5, 'pid' => 2, 'name' => '深圳市'],
+        ['id' => 6, 'pid' => 3, 'name' => '杭州市'],
+        ['id' => 7, 'pid' => 0, 'name' => '美国'],
+        ['id' => 8, 'pid' => 7, 'name' => '加州'],
+        ['id' => 9, 'pid' => 8, 'name' => '旧金山'],
+    ];
+
+    // 调用
+    $tree = TreeHelper::toTree($list);
+
+    // 打印结果
+    echo "生成的树结构：\n";
+    print_r($tree);
+
+    // 简单断言测试
+    echo "\n开始断言测试...\n";
+
+    // 根节点应该有 2 个：中国、美国
+    assert(count($tree) === 2);
+
+    // 第一个根节点是中国
+    assert($tree[0]['name'] === '中国');
+
+    // 中国下面应该有两个省
+    assert(count($tree[0]['children']) === 2);
+    assert($tree[0]['children'][0]['name'] === '广东省');
+    assert($tree[0]['children'][1]['name'] === '浙江省');
+
+    // 广东省下面应该有两个城市
+    assert(count($tree[0]['children'][0]['children']) === 2);
+    assert($tree[0]['children'][0]['children'][0]['name'] === '广州市');
+    assert($tree[0]['children'][0]['children'][1]['name'] === '深圳市');
+
+    // 浙江省下面应该有一个城市
+    assert(count($tree[0]['children'][1]['children']) === 1);
+    assert($tree[0]['children'][1]['children'][0]['name'] === '杭州市');
+
+    // 第二个根节点是美国
+    assert($tree[1]['name'] === '美国');
+
+    // 美国 -> 加州 -> 旧金山
+    assert(count($tree[1]['children']) === 1);
+    assert($tree[1]['children'][0]['name'] === '加州');
+    assert(count($tree[1]['children'][0]['children']) === 1);
+    assert($tree[1]['children'][0]['children'][0]['name'] === '旧金山');
+
+    echo "DONE\n";
+}
+?>
+--EXPECT--