diff --git a/src/CompilerBase.php b/src/CompilerBase.php
index c896b1e1..4959a714 100644
--- a/src/CompilerBase.php
+++ b/src/CompilerBase.php
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ use TypePhp\Platform\PlatformBase;
 use TypePhp\Platform\PlatformFactory;
 use TypePhp\Platform\Windows;
 use TypePhp\Resolver\InstancePropertyFetchTarget;
+use TypePhp\Resolver\DeclarationSymbolTrait;
 use TypePhp\Resolver\PropertyAccessContext;
 use TypePhp\Resolver\NativePropertyAccess;
 use TypePhp\Resolver\PropertyAccessResult;
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ use TypePhp\Resolver\PropertyWriteTarget;
 use TypePhp\Resolver\StaticPropertyFetchResolution;
 use TypePhp\Resolver\StaticPropertyFetchTarget;
 use TypePhp\TypeSystem\CompositeTypeCheckerTrait;
+use TypePhp\TypeSystem\NativeTypeCompatibilityTrait;
 use PhpParser\Modifiers;
 use PhpParser\Node;
 use PhpParser\Node\ArrayItem;
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@ class CompilerBase implements PropertyAccessContext
 {
     public const string DEFAULT_PHP_VERSION = '8.5';
     use CompositeTypeCheckerTrait;
+    use NativeTypeCompatibilityTrait;
     use NativeBuildConfigurationTrait;
+    use DeclarationSymbolTrait;
     use AstNodeType;
     use FuncCallOptimizer;
     use AnonClassGenerator;
@@ -3582,206 +3586,6 @@ class CompilerBase implements PropertyAccessContext
         return $funcDef->argInfoList[$index];
     }
 
-    protected function getReturnType(): string
-    {
-        $type = $this->functionDef->returnType;
-        if ($type === self::TYPE_STREAM) {
-            return self::TYPE_VAR;
-        }
-        return $type;
-    }
-
-    protected function getReturnClass(): string
-    {
-        return $this->functionDef->returnClass;
-    }
-
-    protected function isInheritedFrom(string $class, string $expected): bool
-    {
-        // 继承关系判断的唯一入口。调用者不应直接使用 PHP 运行时反射函数判断普通项目类。
-        // 对 AOT 已扫描到的项目类/接口，必须走 classDef/interfaceDef 中的 extends/implements 图；
-        // 对 PHP 内置类/接口，可以使用 Zend 运行时反射，因为这部分属于目标 PHP 运行时的固定能力；
-        // 对动态类返回 true 表示“静态阶段无法否定”，后续必须保留运行时检查兜底。
-        $class = ltrim($class, '\\');
-        $expected = ltrim($expected, '\\');
-        if (strcasecmp($class, $expected) === 0) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        $internal = ($this->isInternalClass($expected) or $this->isInternalInterface($expected));
-        $isInterface = ($this->hasInterface($expected) or $this->isInternalInterface($expected));
-
-        if ($this->hasInterface($class)) {
-            if (!$isInterface) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            return $this->interfaceExtends($class, $expected);
-        }
-
-        if ($this->isInternalClass($class) or $this->isInternalInterface($class)) {
-            // 只允许内置类型之间使用 Zend 的继承关系。这里不是查询任意用户类，
-            // 因此不会把编译器进程加载过的外部库类混入项目静态类型系统。
-            if (!$internal) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            return is_subclass_of($class, $expected);
-        }
-
-        // 类不存在，说明这是一个动态类，跳过静态检查，需要运行时检查
-        if (!$this->hasClass($class)) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        $classDef = $this->getClass($class);
-        while (true) {
-            if ($isInterface) {
-                if ($classDef->implements and in_array($expected, $classDef->implements)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                // Check transitive interface inheritance (e.g., Iterator extends Traversable)
-                foreach ($classDef->implements as $iface) {
-                    $stack = [$iface];
-                    while ($stack) {
-                        $check = array_pop($stack);
-                        if (strcasecmp($check, $expected) === 0) {
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                        if (!$this->hasInterface($check)) {
-                            if ($internal && $this->isInternalInterface($check) && is_subclass_of($check, $expected)) {
-                                return true;
-                            }
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        $interfaceDef = $this->getInterface($check);
-                        foreach ($interfaceDef->extendsList ?: ($interfaceDef->extends ? [$interfaceDef->extends] : []) as $parentIface) {
-                            $stack[] = $parentIface;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (strcasecmp($class, $expected) === 0) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                if (!$this->hasClass($class)) {
-                    // 原生类继承自一个内置类，例如: UserError extends Exception ，然后 $expected 预期是 Throwable
-                    // 这种情况，需要使用 ZendVM 获取继承关系
-                    if ($this->isInternalClass($class) and $internal) {
-                        return $class === $expected or is_subclass_of($class, $expected);
-                    }
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!$classDef->extends) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            $class = $classDef->extends;
-            if ($this->isInternalClass($class)) {
-                // 项目类可以继承内置类。进入内置父类链后，后续关系交给 Zend 判断；
-                // 但 expected 也必须是内置类/接口，否则不能跨到外部用户类命名空间做运行时反射。
-                return $internal && is_subclass_of($class, $expected);
-            }
-            $classDef = $this->getClass($class);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function interfaceExtends(string $interface, string $expected): bool
-    {
-        // 接口继承需要单独处理，因为 interfaceDef 没有 classDef 的父类链。
-        // 这里同样只遍历 AOT 已知接口图；遇到内置接口时，才允许使用 Zend 的 is_subclass_of()。
-        $stack = [$interface];
-        while ($stack) {
-            $check = array_pop($stack);
-            if (strcasecmp($check, $expected) === 0) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            if (!$this->hasInterface($check)) {
-                if ($this->isInternalInterface($check) && $this->isInternalInterface($expected) && is_subclass_of($check, $expected)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-            $interfaceDef = $this->getInterface($check);
-            foreach ($interfaceDef->extendsList ?: ($interfaceDef->extends ? [$interfaceDef->extends] : []) as $parentInterface) {
-                $stack[] = $parentInterface;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    protected function getTypeConvertedArg(Node\Arg $arg, ArgInfo $argInfo): string
-    {
-        $type = $this->detectTypeOfExpr($arg->value);
-        $this->assertExprCanBeUsedAsValue($arg->value, 'function argument');
-
-        if (!empty($argInfo->typeCheck)) {
-            $this->checkCompositeTypeAssignment(
-                $arg,
-                $argInfo->typeCheck,
-                $argInfo->typeStr,
-                $arg->value,
-                'argument `$' . ($argInfo->phpName ?: $this->unescapeVarName($argInfo->name)) . '`'
-            );
-        }
-
-        if ($argInfo->byRef) {
-            if ($this->isReferenceWrapperCall($arg->value)) {
-                $inner = $this->unwrapReferenceWrapperCall($arg->value, $arg);
-                if ($this->isVarExpr($inner)) {
-                    $arg->value = $inner;
-                } else {
-                    $expr = $this->expandRefvalExpr($inner, $arg);
-                    if ($expr !== null) {
-                        return $expr;
-                    }
-                    $this->fatalError($arg, 'The refval function only accepts a variable, array element, or object property');
-                }
-            }
-            if ($this->isVarExpr($arg->value)) {
-                $var = $this->parseVariable($arg->value);
-                // 若参数是引用类型，可以传入未定义变量，将立即创建变量作为引用
-                if (!$this->hasLocalVar($var)) {
-                    $this->addLocalVar($var, self::TYPE_VAR);
-                }
-            }
-            return $this->convertToRef($arg->value);
-        }
-
-        $expr = $this->parseOrderedArg($arg);
-        $expr = $this->materializeCallArgValue($arg->value, $expr);
-
-        $this->checkVarAssignExpr($arg, $argInfo->type, $type);
-
-        if ($argInfo->type === self::TYPE_VAR && $this->isVarExpr($arg->value)) {
-            $varName = $this->parseIdentifier($arg->value);
-            if ($this->isStdContainer($varName)) {
-                return $varName;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ($argInfo->type === self::TYPE_OBJECT) {
-            $declaredClass = $argInfo->declaredClass ?: $argInfo->class;
-            if ($declaredClass !== '') {
-                $class = $this->detectDeclaredClassOfExpr($arg->value);
-                if ($class !== '') {
-                    // native call 是性能热点，若静态阶段已经证明实参 is-a 声明类型，
-                    // 就不要再生成 php::toObject($expr, target_ce) 做重复运行时检查。
-                    // 如果无法证明，但右值是已知 concrete object，说明一定不兼容，直接编译期 fatal；
-                    // 其他动态/外部库/any 场景保留 php::toObject() 作为运行时兜底。
-                    if ($this->isObjectClassStaticallyAssignableTo($class, $declaredClass)) {
-                        return $type === self::TYPE_OBJECT ? $expr : $this->convertObjectExpr($expr);
-                    }
-                    if ($this->isKnownConcreteObjectExpr($arg->value, $class)) {
-                        $argName = $argInfo->phpName ?: $this->unescapeVarName($argInfo->name);
-                        $this->fatalError($arg, "Argument `{$argName}` must be an instance of `{$declaredClass}`, `{$class}` given");
-                    }
-                }
-                return $this->convertObjectExpr($expr, $this->getClassEntryPtr($declaredClass));
-            }
-            return $type === self::TYPE_OBJECT ? $expr : $this->convertObjectExpr($expr);
-        }
-
-        return $this->convertExprType($expr, $argInfo->type, $type);
-    }
-
     protected function parseExit(Expr\Exit_ $node): string
     {
         if (!$node->expr) {
@@ -4300,58 +4104,6 @@ class CompilerBase implements PropertyAccessContext
         return $flags;
     }
 
-    protected function parseConstDef(mixed $v2): void
-    {
-        foreach ($v2->consts as $const) {
-            $name  = $this->parseIdentifier($const->name);
-            $value = $this->parseIdentifier($const->value);
-            if ($this->namespace) {
-                $name = $this->namespace . '\\' . $name;
-            }
-            $this->addConstant($name, $value);
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected function addConstant(string $name, string $value): void
-    {
-        $constInfo                    = new \stdClass();
-        $constInfo->value             = $value;
-        $constInfo->type              = $this->detectStrValueType($value);
-        $constInfo->namespace = $this->namespace;
-        $constInfo->name = $name;
-        $this->constants[$this->escapeConstVar($name)] = $constInfo;
-    }
-
-    protected function hasConstant(string $name): bool
-    {
-        return isset($this->constants[$this->escapeConstVar($name)]);
-    }
-
-    protected function getConstant(string $name): string
-    {
-        return $this->escapeConstVar($name);
-    }
-
-    protected function getConstantType(string $name): string
-    {
-        return $this->constants[$this->escapeConstVar($name)]->type;
-    }
-
-    protected function detectStrValueType(mixed $constant): string
-    {
-        if ($this->isIntStr($constant)) {
-            return self::TYPE_INT;
-        }
-        if ($this->isFloatStr($constant)) {
-            return self::TYPE_FLOAT;
-        }
-        if ($this->isBoolStr($constant)) {
-            return self::TYPE_BOOL;
-        }
-
-        return self::TYPE_VAR;
-    }
-
     protected function setBuildDir(string $string): void
     {
         if (!is_dir($string)) {
@@ -4391,61 +4143,6 @@ class CompilerBase implements PropertyAccessContext
         return $phpCode;
     }
 
-    protected function parseUse(Node\Stmt\Use_ $v2): string
-    {
-        $code = '';
-        foreach ($v2->uses as $use) {
-            $id = $this->parseIdentifier($use->name);
-            $type = $use->type !== Node\Stmt\Use_::TYPE_UNKNOWN ? $use->type : $v2->type;
-            if ($type === Node\Stmt\Use_::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-                $lastIndex = strrpos($id, '\\');
-                $fn = substr($id, $lastIndex + 1);
-                if ($use->alias) {
-                    $this->useFunctions[$use->alias->toString()] = $id;
-                } else {
-                    $this->useFunctions[$fn] = $id;
-                }
-            } elseif ($type === Node\Stmt\Use_::TYPE_CONSTANT) {
-                $lastIndex = strrpos($id, '\\');
-                $cn = substr($id, $lastIndex + 1);
-                $ns = substr($id, 0, $lastIndex);
-                $fullName = $ns . '\\' . $cn;
-                if ($use->alias) {
-                    $this->useConstants[$use->alias->toString()] = $fullName;
-                } else {
-                    $this->useConstants[$cn] = $fullName;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $idLower = strtolower($id);
-                if ($idLower === 'native_types') {
-                    $this->nativeTypes = true;
-                } elseif ($idLower === 'decimal_types') {
-                    $this->decimalTypes = true;
-                } elseif ($idLower === 'bigint_types') {
-                    $this->bigintTypes = true;
-                } else {
-                    $this->useNamespaces[] = $id;
-                    if ($use->alias) {
-                        $this->useAliases[$use->alias->toString()] = $id;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $code;
-    }
-
-    protected function parseGroupUse(Node\Stmt\GroupUse $node): void
-    {
-        $prefix = $node->prefix;
-        $uses = [];
-        foreach ($node->uses as $use) {
-            $fullName = Node\Name::concat($prefix, $use->name);
-            $uses[] = new Node\UseItem($fullName, $use->alias, $use->type);
-        }
-        $syntheticUse = new Node\Stmt\Use_($uses, $node->type);
-        $this->parseUse($syntheticUse);
-    }
-
     protected function parseErrorSuppress(Expr\ErrorSuppress $expr): string
     {
         $tmpVar = $this->genTmpVarName();
diff --git a/src/Resolver/DeclarationSymbolTrait.php b/src/Resolver/DeclarationSymbolTrait.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c9443fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Resolver/DeclarationSymbolTrait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * This file is part of TypePHP.
+ *
+ * Maintains constant symbols and namespace use/group-use declarations.
+ */
+
+namespace TypePhp\Resolver;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+
+trait DeclarationSymbolTrait
+{
+    protected function parseConstDef(mixed $v2): void
+    {
+        foreach ($v2->consts as $const) {
+            $name  = $this->parseIdentifier($const->name);
+            $value = $this->parseIdentifier($const->value);
+            if ($this->namespace) {
+                $name = $this->namespace . '\\' . $name;
+            }
+            $this->addConstant($name, $value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function addConstant(string $name, string $value): void
+    {
+        $constInfo                    = new \stdClass();
+        $constInfo->value             = $value;
+        $constInfo->type              = $this->detectStrValueType($value);
+        $constInfo->namespace = $this->namespace;
+        $constInfo->name = $name;
+        $this->constants[$this->escapeConstVar($name)] = $constInfo;
+    }
+
+    protected function hasConstant(string $name): bool
+    {
+        return isset($this->constants[$this->escapeConstVar($name)]);
+    }
+
+    protected function getConstant(string $name): string
+    {
+        return $this->escapeConstVar($name);
+    }
+
+    protected function getConstantType(string $name): string
+    {
+        return $this->constants[$this->escapeConstVar($name)]->type;
+    }
+
+    protected function detectStrValueType(mixed $constant): string
+    {
+        if ($this->isIntStr($constant)) {
+            return self::TYPE_INT;
+        }
+        if ($this->isFloatStr($constant)) {
+            return self::TYPE_FLOAT;
+        }
+        if ($this->isBoolStr($constant)) {
+            return self::TYPE_BOOL;
+        }
+
+        return self::TYPE_VAR;
+    }
+
+
+    protected function parseUse(Node\Stmt\Use_ $v2): string
+    {
+        $code = '';
+        foreach ($v2->uses as $use) {
+            $id = $this->parseIdentifier($use->name);
+            $type = $use->type !== Node\Stmt\Use_::TYPE_UNKNOWN ? $use->type : $v2->type;
+            if ($type === Node\Stmt\Use_::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+                $lastIndex = strrpos($id, '\\');
+                $fn = substr($id, $lastIndex + 1);
+                if ($use->alias) {
+                    $this->useFunctions[$use->alias->toString()] = $id;
+                } else {
+                    $this->useFunctions[$fn] = $id;
+                }
+            } elseif ($type === Node\Stmt\Use_::TYPE_CONSTANT) {
+                $lastIndex = strrpos($id, '\\');
+                $cn = substr($id, $lastIndex + 1);
+                $ns = substr($id, 0, $lastIndex);
+                $fullName = $ns . '\\' . $cn;
+                if ($use->alias) {
+                    $this->useConstants[$use->alias->toString()] = $fullName;
+                } else {
+                    $this->useConstants[$cn] = $fullName;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $idLower = strtolower($id);
+                if ($idLower === 'native_types') {
+                    $this->nativeTypes = true;
+                } elseif ($idLower === 'decimal_types') {
+                    $this->decimalTypes = true;
+                } elseif ($idLower === 'bigint_types') {
+                    $this->bigintTypes = true;
+                } else {
+                    $this->useNamespaces[] = $id;
+                    if ($use->alias) {
+                        $this->useAliases[$use->alias->toString()] = $id;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return $code;
+    }
+
+    protected function parseGroupUse(Node\Stmt\GroupUse $node): void
+    {
+        $prefix = $node->prefix;
+        $uses = [];
+        foreach ($node->uses as $use) {
+            $fullName = Node\Name::concat($prefix, $use->name);
+            $uses[] = new Node\UseItem($fullName, $use->alias, $use->type);
+        }
+        $syntheticUse = new Node\Stmt\Use_($uses, $node->type);
+        $this->parseUse($syntheticUse);
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/src/TypeSystem/NativeTypeCompatibilityTrait.php b/src/TypeSystem/NativeTypeCompatibilityTrait.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70b97389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/TypeSystem/NativeTypeCompatibilityTrait.php
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * This file is part of TypePHP.
+ *
+ * Resolves native return types, inheritance compatibility, and converted call arguments.
+ */
+
+namespace TypePhp\TypeSystem;
+
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use TypePhp\ArgInfo;
+
+trait NativeTypeCompatibilityTrait
+{
+    protected function getReturnType(): string
+    {
+        $type = $this->functionDef->returnType;
+        if ($type === self::TYPE_STREAM) {
+            return self::TYPE_VAR;
+        }
+        return $type;
+    }
+
+    protected function getReturnClass(): string
+    {
+        return $this->functionDef->returnClass;
+    }
+
+    protected function isInheritedFrom(string $class, string $expected): bool
+    {
+        // 继承关系判断的唯一入口。调用者不应直接使用 PHP 运行时反射函数判断普通项目类。
+        // 对 AOT 已扫描到的项目类/接口，必须走 classDef/interfaceDef 中的 extends/implements 图；
+        // 对 PHP 内置类/接口，可以使用 Zend 运行时反射，因为这部分属于目标 PHP 运行时的固定能力；
+        // 对动态类返回 true 表示“静态阶段无法否定”，后续必须保留运行时检查兜底。
+        $class = ltrim($class, '\\');
+        $expected = ltrim($expected, '\\');
+        if (strcasecmp($class, $expected) === 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $internal = ($this->isInternalClass($expected) or $this->isInternalInterface($expected));
+        $isInterface = ($this->hasInterface($expected) or $this->isInternalInterface($expected));
+
+        if ($this->hasInterface($class)) {
+            if (!$isInterface) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return $this->interfaceExtends($class, $expected);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->isInternalClass($class) or $this->isInternalInterface($class)) {
+            // 只允许内置类型之间使用 Zend 的继承关系。这里不是查询任意用户类，
+            // 因此不会把编译器进程加载过的外部库类混入项目静态类型系统。
+            if (!$internal) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return is_subclass_of($class, $expected);
+        }
+
+        // 类不存在，说明这是一个动态类，跳过静态检查，需要运行时检查
+        if (!$this->hasClass($class)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        $classDef = $this->getClass($class);
+        while (true) {
+            if ($isInterface) {
+                if ($classDef->implements and in_array($expected, $classDef->implements)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // Check transitive interface inheritance (e.g., Iterator extends Traversable)
+                foreach ($classDef->implements as $iface) {
+                    $stack = [$iface];
+                    while ($stack) {
+                        $check = array_pop($stack);
+                        if (strcasecmp($check, $expected) === 0) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        if (!$this->hasInterface($check)) {
+                            if ($internal && $this->isInternalInterface($check) && is_subclass_of($check, $expected)) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        $interfaceDef = $this->getInterface($check);
+                        foreach ($interfaceDef->extendsList ?: ($interfaceDef->extends ? [$interfaceDef->extends] : []) as $parentIface) {
+                            $stack[] = $parentIface;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (strcasecmp($class, $expected) === 0) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (!$this->hasClass($class)) {
+                    // 原生类继承自一个内置类，例如: UserError extends Exception ，然后 $expected 预期是 Throwable
+                    // 这种情况，需要使用 ZendVM 获取继承关系
+                    if ($this->isInternalClass($class) and $internal) {
+                        return $class === $expected or is_subclass_of($class, $expected);
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!$classDef->extends) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $class = $classDef->extends;
+            if ($this->isInternalClass($class)) {
+                // 项目类可以继承内置类。进入内置父类链后，后续关系交给 Zend 判断；
+                // 但 expected 也必须是内置类/接口，否则不能跨到外部用户类命名空间做运行时反射。
+                return $internal && is_subclass_of($class, $expected);
+            }
+            $classDef = $this->getClass($class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function interfaceExtends(string $interface, string $expected): bool
+    {
+        // 接口继承需要单独处理，因为 interfaceDef 没有 classDef 的父类链。
+        // 这里同样只遍历 AOT 已知接口图；遇到内置接口时，才允许使用 Zend 的 is_subclass_of()。
+        $stack = [$interface];
+        while ($stack) {
+            $check = array_pop($stack);
+            if (strcasecmp($check, $expected) === 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (!$this->hasInterface($check)) {
+                if ($this->isInternalInterface($check) && $this->isInternalInterface($expected) && is_subclass_of($check, $expected)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            $interfaceDef = $this->getInterface($check);
+            foreach ($interfaceDef->extendsList ?: ($interfaceDef->extends ? [$interfaceDef->extends] : []) as $parentInterface) {
+                $stack[] = $parentInterface;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    protected function getTypeConvertedArg(Node\Arg $arg, ArgInfo $argInfo): string
+    {
+        $type = $this->detectTypeOfExpr($arg->value);
+        $this->assertExprCanBeUsedAsValue($arg->value, 'function argument');
+
+        if (!empty($argInfo->typeCheck)) {
+            $this->checkCompositeTypeAssignment(
+                $arg,
+                $argInfo->typeCheck,
+                $argInfo->typeStr,
+                $arg->value,
+                'argument `$' . ($argInfo->phpName ?: $this->unescapeVarName($argInfo->name)) . '`'
+            );
+        }
+
+        if ($argInfo->byRef) {
+            if ($this->isReferenceWrapperCall($arg->value)) {
+                $inner = $this->unwrapReferenceWrapperCall($arg->value, $arg);
+                if ($this->isVarExpr($inner)) {
+                    $arg->value = $inner;
+                } else {
+                    $expr = $this->expandRefvalExpr($inner, $arg);
+                    if ($expr !== null) {
+                        return $expr;
+                    }
+                    $this->fatalError($arg, 'The refval function only accepts a variable, array element, or object property');
+                }
+            }
+            if ($this->isVarExpr($arg->value)) {
+                $var = $this->parseVariable($arg->value);
+                // 若参数是引用类型，可以传入未定义变量，将立即创建变量作为引用
+                if (!$this->hasLocalVar($var)) {
+                    $this->addLocalVar($var, self::TYPE_VAR);
+                }
+            }
+            return $this->convertToRef($arg->value);
+        }
+
+        $expr = $this->parseOrderedArg($arg);
+        $expr = $this->materializeCallArgValue($arg->value, $expr);
+
+        $this->checkVarAssignExpr($arg, $argInfo->type, $type);
+
+        if ($argInfo->type === self::TYPE_VAR && $this->isVarExpr($arg->value)) {
+            $varName = $this->parseIdentifier($arg->value);
+            if ($this->isStdContainer($varName)) {
+                return $varName;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($argInfo->type === self::TYPE_OBJECT) {
+            $declaredClass = $argInfo->declaredClass ?: $argInfo->class;
+            if ($declaredClass !== '') {
+                $class = $this->detectDeclaredClassOfExpr($arg->value);
+                if ($class !== '') {
+                    // native call 是性能热点，若静态阶段已经证明实参 is-a 声明类型，
+                    // 就不要再生成 php::toObject($expr, target_ce) 做重复运行时检查。
+                    // 如果无法证明，但右值是已知 concrete object，说明一定不兼容，直接编译期 fatal；
+                    // 其他动态/外部库/any 场景保留 php::toObject() 作为运行时兜底。
+                    if ($this->isObjectClassStaticallyAssignableTo($class, $declaredClass)) {
+                        return $type === self::TYPE_OBJECT ? $expr : $this->convertObjectExpr($expr);
+                    }
+                    if ($this->isKnownConcreteObjectExpr($arg->value, $class)) {
+                        $argName = $argInfo->phpName ?: $this->unescapeVarName($argInfo->name);
+                        $this->fatalError($arg, "Argument `{$argName}` must be an instance of `{$declaredClass}`, `{$class}` given");
+                    }
+                }
+                return $this->convertObjectExpr($expr, $this->getClassEntryPtr($declaredClass));
+            }
+            return $type === self::TYPE_OBJECT ? $expr : $this->convertObjectExpr($expr);
+        }
+
+        return $this->convertExprType($expr, $argInfo->type, $type);
+    }
+
+}
+