diff --git a/src/Backend/Clang.php b/src/Backend/Clang.php
index ea4177e4..5abecd70 100644
--- a/src/Backend/Clang.php
+++ b/src/Backend/Clang.php
@@ -85,6 +85,16 @@ class Clang extends GccLikeBackend
         return '-fsanitize=' . $sanitizer;
     }
 
+    public function getPrecompiledHeaderArtifact(string $headerFile): string
+    {
+        return dirname($headerFile) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . pathinfo($headerFile, PATHINFO_FILENAME) . '.pch';
+    }
+
+    protected function formatPrecompiledHeaderFlag(array $precompiledHeader): string
+    {
+        return ' -include-pch ' . escapeshellarg($precompiledHeader['artifact']);
+    }
+
     protected function getPICFlag(array $config): string
     {
         if ($this->platform instanceof Windows) {
diff --git a/src/Backend/CompilerBackend.php b/src/Backend/CompilerBackend.php
index 79963d69..0e3f8a64 100644
--- a/src/Backend/CompilerBackend.php
+++ b/src/Backend/CompilerBackend.php
@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ abstract class CompilerBackend
      */
     abstract public function getLinkerCommand(): string;
 
+    public function supportsPrecompiledHeaders(): bool
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public function getPrecompiledHeaderArtifact(string $headerFile): string
+    {
+        throw new \LogicException($this->getName() . ' does not support precompiled headers');
+    }
+
     /**
      * 编译单个文件
      */
diff --git a/src/Backend/GccLikeBackend.php b/src/Backend/GccLikeBackend.php
index 6ebe5a8f..1fce1c68 100644
--- a/src/Backend/GccLikeBackend.php
+++ b/src/Backend/GccLikeBackend.php
@@ -26,6 +26,16 @@ abstract class GccLikeBackend extends CompilerBackend
         return $this->compilerCommand;
     }
 
+    public function supportsPrecompiledHeaders(): bool
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public function getPrecompiledHeaderArtifact(string $headerFile): string
+    {
+        return $headerFile . '.gch';
+    }
+
     // ──── 钩子方法（子类覆盖点） ────
 
     /** 编译器特定的前缀标志（如 MSVC 兼容模式） */
@@ -113,9 +123,19 @@ abstract class GccLikeBackend extends CompilerBackend
             $cmd .= ' -flto';
         }
 
+        if ($includeCppStd && !empty($config['precompiled_header'])) {
+            $cmd .= $this->formatPrecompiledHeaderFlag($config['precompiled_header']);
+        }
+
         return $cmd;
     }
 
+    /** @param array{header: string, artifact: string} $precompiledHeader */
+    protected function formatPrecompiledHeaderFlag(array $precompiledHeader): string
+    {
+        return ' -include ' . escapeshellarg($precompiledHeader['header']);
+    }
+
     /** 获取平台特定的链接选项 */
     protected function getPlatformLinkFlags(array $config): string
     {
diff --git a/src/Build/NativeBuilder.php b/src/Build/NativeBuilder.php
index 4e804930..30108615 100644
--- a/src/Build/NativeBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Build/NativeBuilder.php
@@ -76,15 +76,26 @@ final readonly class NativeBuilder
         Closure $succeeded,
         ?Closure $completed = null,
     ): array {
-        $queue = array_values($sources);
+        // Keep most workers on the largest translation units to reduce the
+        // parallel tail, but reserve one fast lane for small files so progress
+        // remains visible while the expensive units are still compiling.
+        $queue = SourceCompileQueue::largestFirst($sources);
         $running = [];
         $objects = [];
         $failures = [];
         $completedCount = 0;
+        $largeTaskCount = 0;
+        $largeLaneLimit = max(1, $jobs - 1);
 
         while ($queue !== [] || $running !== []) {
             while (count($running) < $jobs && $queue !== []) {
-                $source = array_shift($queue);
+                if ($largeTaskCount < $largeLaneLimit) {
+                    $source = array_shift($queue);
+                    $lane = 'large';
+                } else {
+                    $source = array_pop($queue);
+                    $lane = 'small';
+                }
                 $object = $objectFile($source);
                 $pid = $fork();
                 if ($pid === -1) {
@@ -101,7 +112,10 @@ final readonly class NativeBuilder
                         exit(1);
                     }
                 }
-                $running[$pid] = ['source' => $source, 'object' => $object];
+                $running[$pid] = ['source' => $source, 'object' => $object, 'lane' => $lane];
+                if ($lane === 'large') {
+                    $largeTaskCount++;
+                }
             }
             if ($running === []) {
                 break;
@@ -112,6 +126,9 @@ final readonly class NativeBuilder
             if ($task === null) {
                 continue;
             }
+            if ($task['lane'] === 'large') {
+                $largeTaskCount--;
+            }
             $success = $succeeded($status);
             if ($success) {
                 $objects[] = $task['object'];
diff --git a/src/Build/NativeCommandOptionsTrait.php b/src/Build/NativeCommandOptionsTrait.php
index a65baf81..358609fe 100644
--- a/src/Build/NativeCommandOptionsTrait.php
+++ b/src/Build/NativeCommandOptionsTrait.php
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ use TypePhp\Metadata\Constants;
 
 trait NativeCommandOptionsTrait
 {
+    /** @var null|array{header: string, artifact: string} */
+    protected ?array $precompiledHeader = null;
+
     protected function getCommonCompileCommandOptions(): CompileOptions
     {
         $includePaths = $this->getIncludePaths();
@@ -43,10 +46,16 @@ trait NativeCommandOptionsTrait
     protected function getCompileCommandOptions(): CompileOptions
     {
         $options = $this->getCommonCompileCommandOptions();
-        return $options
+        $options = $options
             ->with('cpp_std', $this->cxxStd)
             ->with('cxxflags', $this->cxxFlags)
             ->with('suppressed_warnings', Constants::MSVC_SUPPRESSED_WARNINGS ?? []);
+
+        if ($this->precompiledHeader !== null) {
+            $options = $options->with('precompiled_header', $this->precompiledHeader);
+        }
+
+        return $options;
     }
 
     protected function getCCompileCommandOptions(): CompileOptions
diff --git a/src/Build/PrecompiledHeaderManager.php b/src/Build/PrecompiledHeaderManager.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53d00f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Build/PrecompiledHeaderManager.php
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace TypePhp\Build;
+
+use TypePhp\Backend\CompilerBackend;
+
+final readonly class PrecompiledHeaderManager
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private CompilerBackend $backend,
+        private NativeBuilder $builder,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param list<string> $headers
+     * @param list<string> $dependencyDirectories
+     * @return array{header: string, artifact: string, cached: bool, command: string}
+     */
+    public function prepare(
+        array $headers,
+        array $dependencyDirectories,
+        string $cacheDirectory,
+        CompileOptions $options,
+    ): array {
+        if (!$this->backend->supportsPrecompiledHeaders()) {
+            throw new \LogicException($this->backend->getName() . ' does not support precompiled headers');
+        }
+
+        $fingerprint = $this->buildFingerprint($headers, $dependencyDirectories, $options);
+        $directory = rtrim($cacheDirectory, '/\\') . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $fingerprint;
+        if (!is_dir($directory) && !mkdir($directory, 0777, true) && !is_dir($directory)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Cannot create precompiled header cache directory: ' . $directory);
+        }
+
+        $headerFile = $directory . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'typephp_pch.hpp';
+        $artifact = $this->backend->getPrecompiledHeaderArtifact($headerFile);
+        $source = "#pragma once\n";
+        foreach ($headers as $header) {
+            $source .= '#include <' . $header . ">\n";
+        }
+        if (!is_file($headerFile) || file_get_contents($headerFile) !== $source) {
+            if (file_put_contents($headerFile, $source) === false) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Cannot write precompiled header: ' . $headerFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (is_file($artifact)) {
+            return ['header' => $headerFile, 'artifact' => $artifact, 'cached' => true, 'command' => ''];
+        }
+
+        $result = $this->builder->compile($headerFile, $artifact, $options, 'c++-header', true);
+        if ($result['status'] !== 0 || !is_file($artifact)) {
+            $message = implode(PHP_EOL, $result['output']);
+            throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to build PHPX precompiled header' . ($message === '' ? '' : ': ' . $message));
+        }
+
+        return ['header' => $headerFile, 'artifact' => $artifact, 'cached' => false, 'command' => $result['command']];
+    }
+
+    /** @param list<string> $headers @param list<string> $dependencyDirectories */
+    private function buildFingerprint(array $headers, array $dependencyDirectories, CompileOptions $options): string
+    {
+        $compilerVersion = [];
+        exec(escapeshellcmd($this->backend->getCompilerCommand()) . ' --version 2>&1', $compilerVersion);
+        $context = hash_init('sha256');
+        hash_update($context, $this->backend::class . "\0" . implode("\n", $compilerVersion) . "\0");
+        $optionValues = $options->toArray();
+        // prof_output only affects code when profiling is enabled. Keeping a
+        // target-specific inactive filename here would defeat PCH reuse across
+        // projects with otherwise identical native build configurations.
+        if (empty($optionValues['enable_profiler'])) {
+            unset($optionValues['prof_output']);
+        }
+        unset($optionValues['precompiled_header']);
+        hash_update($context, serialize($optionValues) . "\0" . implode("\0", $headers));
+
+        $files = [];
+        foreach ($dependencyDirectories as $directory) {
+            if (!is_dir($directory)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $iterator = new \RecursiveIteratorIterator(
+                new \RecursiveDirectoryIterator($directory, \FilesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS)
+            );
+            foreach ($iterator as $file) {
+                if (!$file->isFile() || preg_match('/\.(?:h|hh|hpp|hxx|inc)$/i', $file->getFilename()) !== 1) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $files[] = $file->getPathname();
+            }
+        }
+        sort($files, SORT_STRING);
+        foreach ($files as $file) {
+            hash_update($context, $file . "\0");
+            if (!hash_update_file($context, $file)) {
+                throw new \RuntimeException('Cannot fingerprint precompiled-header dependency: ' . $file);
+            }
+            hash_update($context, "\0");
+        }
+
+        return substr(hash_final($context), 0, 24);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Build/SourceCompileQueue.php b/src/Build/SourceCompileQueue.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86af296b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Build/SourceCompileQueue.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace TypePhp\Build;
+
+final class SourceCompileQueue
+{
+    /** @param list<string> $sources @return list<string> */
+    public static function largestFirst(array $sources): array
+    {
+        $entries = [];
+        foreach (array_values($sources) as $index => $source) {
+            $size = @filesize($source);
+            $entries[] = ['source' => $source, 'size' => $size === false ? -1 : $size, 'index' => $index];
+        }
+
+        usort($entries, static function (array $left, array $right): int {
+            return ($right['size'] <=> $left['size']) ?: ($left['index'] <=> $right['index']);
+        });
+
+        return array_column($entries, 'source');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Parser/AssignOpTrait.php b/src/Parser/AssignOpTrait.php
index d006e6bb..67d57afe 100644
--- a/src/Parser/AssignOpTrait.php
+++ b/src/Parser/AssignOpTrait.php
@@ -397,15 +397,16 @@ trait AssignOpTrait
         if ($node->var instanceof Expr\PropertyFetch
             && ($setter = $this->getPropertyHookSetter($node->var)) !== null
             && ($getter = $this->getPropertyHookGetter($node->var)) !== null) {
-            $right = $this->parseExprAsValue($node->expr);
             $read = $this->emitPropertyHookGetterCall($node->var, $getter);
             $tmp = $this->genTmpVarName();
             $this->addLocalVar($tmp, Type::VAR);
             $binaryOp = $this->removeAssignOp($op);
             $value = match ($binaryOp) {
-                '.' => 'php::concat(' . $read . ', ' . $right . ')',
-                '**' => 'php::fn::pow(' . $read . ', ' . $right . ')',
-                default => $read . ' ' . $binaryOp . ' (' . $right . ')',
+                '.' => $this->parseFlattenedConcat($node->expr, [
+                    $this->prepareConcatOperand($read, $this->detectTypeOfExpr($node->var)),
+                ]),
+                '**' => 'php::fn::pow(' . $read . ', ' . $this->parseExprAsValue($node->expr) . ')',
+                default => $read . ' ' . $binaryOp . ' (' . $this->parseExprAsValue($node->expr) . ')',
             };
             $call = $this->emitPropertyHookSetterCall($node->var, $setter, new Expr\Variable($tmp));
             return '((' . $tmp . ' = ' . $value . ', ' . $call . '), ' . $tmp . ')';
@@ -417,7 +418,7 @@ trait AssignOpTrait
         }
 
         $var          = $this->parseWritableIdentifier($node->var);
-        $expr         = $this->parseIdentifier($node->expr);
+        $expr         = $this->isAssignOpConcat($op) ? '' : (string) $this->parseIdentifier($node->expr);
 
         if ($this->isVarExpr($node->var)) {
             if (!$this->hasVar($var)) {
@@ -439,7 +440,9 @@ trait AssignOpTrait
                 if ($this->isArrayVar($node->var)) {
                     $this->fatalError($node->var, 'Cannot concat string to array');
                 }
-                return $var . ' = php::concat(' . $var . ', ' . $rightExprStr . ')';
+                return $var . ' = ' . $this->parseFlattenedConcat($node->expr, [
+                    $this->prepareConcatOperand($var, $type),
+                ]);
             }
             if ($this->isAssignOpPow($op)) {
                 $powExpr = 'php::fn::pow(' . $var . ', ' . $rightExprStr . ')';
@@ -467,9 +470,10 @@ trait AssignOpTrait
             $binaryOp = $this->removeAssignOp($op);
 
             if ($binaryOp === '.') {
-                $this->context->beforeStmtLines[] = "{$tmpVar} = php::concat(" .
-                    $this->convertVarType($tmpVar, $readVar) . ', ' .
-                    $this->convertExprType($expr, $type, $rightType) . ');';
+                $this->context->beforeStmtLines[] = "{$tmpVar} = " .
+                    $this->parseFlattenedConcat($node->expr, [
+                        $this->prepareConcatOperand($this->convertVarType($tmpVar, $readVar), $type),
+                    ]) . ';';
             } elseif ($type === Type::BIGINT || $type === Type::DECIMAL || $type === Type::BIGFLOAT) {
                 $bigAssign = $this->parseBigAssignOpExpr($readVar, $type, $expr, $rightType, $binaryOp, $node->var, $node->expr);
                 $this->context->beforeStmtLines[] = "{$tmpVar} = {$bigAssign};";
@@ -495,7 +499,10 @@ trait AssignOpTrait
             $this->addLocalVar($tmpVar, Type::VAR);
             $readProperty = $this->emitDynamicPropertyFetchRead($node->var, $propertyWriteTarget);
             if ($this->isAssignOpConcat($op)) {
-                $this->context->beforeStmtLines[] = "{$tmpVar} = php::concat({$readProperty}, {$expr});";
+                $this->context->beforeStmtLines[] = "{$tmpVar} = " .
+                    $this->parseFlattenedConcat($node->expr, [
+                        $this->prepareConcatOperand($readProperty, $this->detectTypeOfExpr($node->var)),
+                    ]) . ';';
             } elseif ($this->isAssignOpPow($op)) {
                 $this->context->beforeStmtLines[] = "{$tmpVar} = php::fn::pow({$readProperty}, {$expr});";
             } else {
@@ -506,7 +513,12 @@ trait AssignOpTrait
         }
 
         if ($this->isAssignOpConcat($op)) {
-            return $var . '.append(' . $expr . ')';
+            $items = [];
+            $this->flattenConcatExpr($node->expr, $items);
+            if (count($items) === 1) {
+                return $var . '.append(' . $this->parseExprAsValue($node->expr) . ')';
+            }
+            return $var . ' = php::toString(' . $this->parseFlattenedConcat($node->expr, [$var]) . ')';
         }
         return $var . ' ' . $op . ' (' . $expr . ')';
     }
diff --git a/src/Parser/BinaryOpTrait.php b/src/Parser/BinaryOpTrait.php
index 03f0f6a9..e57f987c 100644
--- a/src/Parser/BinaryOpTrait.php
+++ b/src/Parser/BinaryOpTrait.php
@@ -254,20 +254,38 @@ trait BinaryOpTrait
     }
 
     protected function parseBinaryOpConcat(Expr\BinaryOp\Concat $expr): string
+    {
+        return $this->parseFlattenedConcat($expr);
+    }
+
+    protected function parseFlattenedConcat(NodeAbstract $expr, array $prefixExpressions = []): string
     {
         $items = [];
         $this->flattenConcatExpr($expr, $items);
 
-        $argList = [];
+        $argList = $prefixExpressions;
         foreach ($items as $item) {
             $type = $this->detectTypeOfExpr($item);
-            $argList[] = $this->convertExprToStringByType($this->parseExprAsValue($item), $type);
+            $parsed = $this->parseExprAsValue($item);
+            $argList[] = $this->prepareConcatOperand($parsed, $type);
+        }
+
+        return Symbol::concat() . '({' . implode(', ', $argList) . '})';
+    }
+
+    protected function prepareConcatOperand(string $expr, string $type): string
+    {
+        if (in_array($type, [Type::STR, Type::INT, Type::FLOAT, Type::BOOL], true)) {
+            return $expr;
         }
 
-        return Symbol::concat() . '(' . Symbol::argList() . '{' . implode(', ', $argList) . '})';
+        // Keep conversions of objects/arrays/any values at their original
+        // operand position. Moving them into concat() would evaluate all later
+        // operands before __toString() or a conversion error is triggered.
+        return $this->convertExprToStringByType($expr, $type);
     }
 
-    private function flattenConcatExpr(NodeAbstract $expr, array &$items): void
+    protected function flattenConcatExpr(NodeAbstract $expr, array &$items): void
     {
         if ($expr instanceof Expr\BinaryOp\Concat) {
             $this->flattenConcatExpr($expr->left, $items);
diff --git a/src/Parser/ForeachTrait.php b/src/Parser/ForeachTrait.php
index 5aee8ce7..df1c990f 100644
--- a/src/Parser/ForeachTrait.php
+++ b/src/Parser/ForeachTrait.php
@@ -126,17 +126,44 @@ trait ForeachTrait
         return $code;
     }
 
+    protected function parseForeachIterable(Foreach_ $node, string $iterableVar): string
+    {
+        $iterator = $this->genTmpVarName();
+        $byRef = $node->byRef ? 'true' : 'false';
+        $code = "php::ForeachIterator $iterator{{$iterableVar}, $byRef};" . PHP_EOL;
+        $code .= "while ($iterator.next()) {" . PHP_EOL;
+        $this->indentLevel++;
+
+        $code .= $this->parseForeachKeyAssignment($node, $iterator . '.key()');
+        $code .= $this->parseForeachValueAssignment(
+            $node,
+            $iterator . '.value()',
+            $iterator . '.valueRef()',
+        );
+
+        $body = $this->parseForeachBody($node);
+        $this->indentLevel--;
+
+        $code .= $this->parseBeforeStmtLines() . PHP_EOL;
+        $code .= $body . PHP_EOL;
+        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '}';
+
+        return $code;
+    }
+
     protected function parseForeach(Foreach_ $node): string
     {
         if ($this->isVarExpr($node->expr)) {
             $name = $this->parseIdentifier($node->expr);
             if ($this->hasVar($name)) {
                 $type = $this->getVarType($name);
-                if ($type === Type::OBJECT) {
+                if ($type === Type::ARRAY) {
+                    return $this->parseForeachArray($node, $name);
+                } elseif ($type === Type::OBJECT) {
                     if ($node->byRef) {
                         $this->fatalError($node, 'Cannot use & with foreach');
                     }
-                    return $this->parseForeachObject($node);
+                    return $this->parseForeachIterable($node, $name);
                 } elseif ($this->isStdContainerType($type)) {
                     return $this->parseForeachStdContainer($node);
                 }
@@ -148,32 +175,10 @@ trait ForeachTrait
         $code .= $this->parseBeforeStmtLines() . PHP_EOL;
 
         $iterableVar = $this->genTmpVarName();
-        $arrayVar = $this->genTmpVarName();
-        $objectVar = $this->genTmpVarName();
         $this->addLocalVar($iterableVar, Type::VAR);
-        $this->addLocalVar($arrayVar, Type::ARRAY);
-        $this->addLocalVar($objectVar, Type::OBJECT);
 
         $code .= $iterableVar . ' = ' . $expr . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= 'if (' . $iterableVar . '.isArray()) {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $arrayVar . ' = ' . $iterableVar . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->parseForeachArray($node, $arrayVar) . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '} else if (' . $iterableVar . '.isObject()) {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $objectVar . ' = ' . $iterableVar . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        if ($node->byRef) {
-            $code .= $this->getIndent() . 'php::throwException(zend_ce_error, "Cannot use & with foreach");' . PHP_EOL;
-        } else {
-            $code .= $this->parseForeachObject($node, $objectVar);
-        }
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '} else {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . 'php::throwException(zend_ce_type_error, "foreach() argument must be of type array|object");' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '}';
+        $code .= $this->parseForeachIterable($node, $iterableVar);
 
         return $code;
     }
@@ -184,4 +189,3 @@ trait ForeachTrait
      * 某些情况下高性能计算，可能需要使用原生类型，使用 $a = std::int(0) 来显式地使用原生类型
      */
 }
-
diff --git a/src/Parser/TypeConversionTrait.php b/src/Parser/TypeConversionTrait.php
index 6bed4424..6494a4bf 100644
--- a/src/Parser/TypeConversionTrait.php
+++ b/src/Parser/TypeConversionTrait.php
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ trait TypeConversionTrait
 {
     protected function convertExprToStringByType(string $expr, $type): string
     {
+        if ($type === Type::STR) {
+            return $expr;
+        }
         if ($type === Type::BIGINT) {
             return 'php::BigInt::toString(' . $expr . ')';
         }
@@ -108,6 +111,9 @@ trait TypeConversionTrait
 
     protected function convertStringExpr(string $expr): string
     {
+        if (preg_match('/^_literal_strings\[\d+\]$/', $expr) === 1) {
+            return $expr;
+        }
         if (!$this->isClosedExpr($expr, 'php::toString')) {
             return 'php::toString(' . $expr . ')';
         }
diff --git a/src/Translator.php b/src/Translator.php
index 782bd5af..4362ba8a 100644
--- a/src/Translator.php
+++ b/src/Translator.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use TypePhp\Backend\CompilerFactory;
 use TypePhp\Build\FileScanner;
 use TypePhp\Build\NativeCommandOptionsTrait;
 use TypePhp\Build\NativeBuilder;
+use TypePhp\Build\PrecompiledHeaderManager;
 use TypePhp\Build\SourcePipelineTrait;
 use TypePhp\Config\ProjectYamlLoader;
 use TypePhp\Build\ResourceCompilationTrait;
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@ use TypePhp\Resolver\ClassConstantValueTrait;
 use TypePhp\Transform\Visitor;
 use PhpParser\Modifiers;
 use PhpParser\Node;
-use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Foreach_;
 use PhpParser\NodeAbstract;
 use PhpParser\NodeTraverser;
 
@@ -1219,6 +1219,8 @@ CODE;
             $sourceFiles[] = $this->getPhpxDir() . '/src/misc/ps_title.c';
         }
 
+        $this->preparePhpXPrecompiledHeader();
+
         // Windows 平台：编译资源文件（图标、版本信息等）
         $this->compileResourceFile();
 
@@ -1230,6 +1232,46 @@ CODE;
         return $this->compileWithPcntl($sourceFiles, $job);
     }
 
+    protected function preparePhpXPrecompiledHeader(): void
+    {
+        $backend = $this->getCompilerBackend();
+        if (!$backend->supportsPrecompiledHeaders()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $phpxDir = $this->getPhpxDir();
+        $phpDir = $this->getPhpDir();
+        $dependencies = [
+            $phpxDir . '/include',
+            $phpxDir . '/src/misc',
+            $phpxDir . '/thirdparty/mpdecimal/libmpdec',
+            $phpxDir . '/thirdparty/mpdecimal/libmpdec++',
+            $phpDir . '/include',
+        ];
+
+        try {
+            $result = (new PrecompiledHeaderManager($backend, $this->getNativeBuilder()))->prepare(
+                $this->globalHeaders,
+                $dependencies,
+                $this->getBuildDir() . '/cache/pch',
+                $this->getCompileCommandOptions(),
+            );
+            $this->precompiledHeader = [
+                'header' => $result['header'],
+                'artifact' => $result['artifact'],
+            ];
+            $displayArtifact = $this->getRelativePath($result['artifact']);
+            $this->climate->darkGray($result['cached']
+                ? '[pch] cache: ' . $displayArtifact
+                : '[pch] built: ' . $displayArtifact);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            // PCH is an optimization. A compiler-specific failure must not make
+            // an otherwise valid TypePHP project unbuildable.
+            $this->precompiledHeader = null;
+            $this->climate->warning('[pch] disabled: ' . $e->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
     protected function compileSourceFile(array $sourceFiles): array
     {
         $objectFiles = [];
@@ -1358,7 +1400,9 @@ CODE;
                     $this->climate->red("Compilation failed: {$source} ({$this->getCompileChildFailureReason($status)})");
                 }
                 if ($this->noProgress) {
-                    $percent = (int) ($completed / $totalFiles * 100);
+                    $percent = $completed >= $totalFiles
+                        ? 100
+                        : min(99, (int) ceil($completed / $totalFiles * 100));
                     $shortSource = $this->removeCommonPrefix($this->buildDir, $source);
                     $this->climate->white("[{$completed}/{$totalFiles}] {$percent}% {$shortSource}");
                 } else {
@@ -3573,82 +3617,6 @@ CODE;
             $existing->default === $incoming->default;
     }
 
-    protected function parseForeachObject(Foreach_ $node, ?string $objectExpr = null): string
-    {
-        $obj = $objectExpr ?? $this->parseIdentifier($node->expr);
-        $iterableVar = $this->genTmpVarName();
-        $this->addLocalVar($iterableVar, Type::VAR);
-
-        $iteratorObj = $this->genTmpVarName();
-        $this->addLocalVar($iteratorObj, Type::OBJECT);
-
-        $aggregateObj = $this->genTmpVarName();
-        $this->addLocalVar($aggregateObj, Type::OBJECT);
-
-        $tmpArrayVar = $this->genTmpVarName();
-        $this->addLocalVar($tmpArrayVar, Type::ARRAY);
-
-        $IteratorAggregateCe = $this->getClassEntryPtr('IteratorAggregate');
-        $IteratorCe = $this->getClassEntryPtr('Iterator');
-        $getIteratorStr = $this->getLiteralString('getIterator');
-        $validStr = $this->getLiteralString('valid');
-        $currentStr = $this->getLiteralString('current');
-        $keyStr = $this->getLiteralString('key');
-        $nextStr = $this->getLiteralString('next');
-        $rewindStr = $this->getLiteralString('rewind');
-        $invalidAggregateReturn = static function (string $aggregateObj): string {
-            return 'php::throwExceptionEx(zend_ce_exception, 0, '
-                . '"Objects returned by %s::getIterator() must be traversable or implement interface Iterator", '
-                . $aggregateObj . '.getClassName().toCString());';
-        };
-
-        $code = $iterableVar . ' = ' . $obj . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $iteratorObj . ' = ' . $iterableVar . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= 'if (' . $iteratorObj . '.instanceOf(' . $IteratorAggregateCe . ')) {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . 'do {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $aggregateObj . ' = ' . $iteratorObj . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $iterableVar . ' = ' . $aggregateObj . '.call(' . $getIteratorStr . ');' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . 'if (UNEXPECTED(!' . $iterableVar . '.isObject())) {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $invalidAggregateReturn($aggregateObj) . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '}' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $iteratorObj . ' = ' . $iterableVar . ';' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . 'if (UNEXPECTED(!' . $iteratorObj . '.instanceOf(' . $IteratorCe . ') && !' . $iteratorObj . '.instanceOf(' . $IteratorAggregateCe . '))) {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $invalidAggregateReturn($aggregateObj) . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '}' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '} while (' . $iteratorObj . '.instanceOf(' . $IteratorAggregateCe . '));' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '}' . PHP_EOL;
-
-        $code .= 'if (' . $iteratorObj . '.instanceOf(' . $IteratorCe . ')) {' . PHP_EOL;
-
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $iteratorObj . '.call(' . $rewindStr . ');' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . 'for (;' . $iteratorObj . '.call(' . $validStr . ');  ' . $iteratorObj . '.call(' . $nextStr . ')) {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-
-        $code .= $this->parseForeachKeyAssignment($node, $iteratorObj . '.call(' . $keyStr . ')');
-        $code .= $this->parseForeachValueAssignment($node, $iteratorObj . '.call(' . $currentStr . ')');
-        $code .= $this->parseForeachBody($node);
-        $code .= '}' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '} else {' . PHP_EOL;
-        $this->indentLevel++;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . $tmpArrayVar . ' = php::call(' . $this->getFuncPtr('get_object_vars') . ', {' . $obj . '});' . PHP_EOL;
-        $code .= $this->parseForeachArray($node, $tmpArrayVar);
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $this->indentLevel--;
-        $code .= $this->getIndent() . '}' . PHP_EOL;
-
-        return $code;
-    }
-
     private function getRegisterClassFunctionArgDef(ClassDef|InterfaceDef $classDef): string
     {
         $depsCeList = $this->getRegisterClassFunctionCeList($classDef);
diff --git a/tests/compiler/loop/foreach-unified-iterable.phpt b/tests/compiler/loop/foreach-unified-iterable.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..924d535f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compiler/loop/foreach-unified-iterable.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+--TEST--
+foreach uses one loop body for dynamically typed arrays and objects
+--FILE--
+<?php
+
+function flatten($groups): array
+{
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($groups as $groupName => $group) {
+        foreach ($group as $itemName => $value) {
+            $result[] = "$groupName:$itemName=$value";
+        }
+    }
+    return $result;
+}
+
+function main(): void
+{
+    var_dump(flatten([
+        'array' => ['first' => 1, 'second' => 2],
+    ]));
+
+    var_dump(flatten(new ArrayIterator([
+        'iterator' => new ArrayIterator(['third' => 3]),
+    ])));
+
+    $plain = new stdClass();
+    $plain->object = (object) ['fourth' => 4];
+    var_dump(flatten($plain));
+}
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+array(2) {
+  [0]=>
+  string(13) "array:first=1"
+  [1]=>
+  string(14) "array:second=2"
+}
+array(1) {
+  [0]=>
+  string(16) "iterator:third=3"
+}
+array(1) {
+  [0]=>
+  string(15) "object:fourth=4"
+}