diff --git a/src/Php/AstNodeType.php b/src/Php/AstNodeType.php
index 13fdf74c..e5e7baad 100644
--- a/src/Php/AstNodeType.php
+++ b/src/Php/AstNodeType.php
@@ -129,4 +129,9 @@ trait AstNodeType
         }
         return $expr instanceof Expr\Exit_;
     }
+
+    protected function isEmptyArray(NodeAbstract $expr): bool
+    {
+        return $expr instanceof Node\Expr\Array_ && count($expr->items) === 0;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Php/CompilerBase.php b/src/Php/CompilerBase.php
index ebc75a9a..94de34e9 100644
--- a/src/Php/CompilerBase.php
+++ b/src/Php/CompilerBase.php
@@ -1031,11 +1031,17 @@ class CompilerBase extends \PhpAot\Core\Translator
             }
             if ($param->default) {
                 if ($param->byRef) {
-                    $this->fatalError($param, 'Default value for parameters passed by reference is not supported');
+                    if (!$this->isEmptyArray($param->default)) {
+                        $this->fatalError($param, 'Default value for parameters passed by reference must be an empty array');
+                    } else {
+                        $argInfo->default = 'php::getEmptyArrayRef()';
+                        $argInfo->defaultValue = null;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $argInfo->default = $this->parseParamDefaultValue($param->default);
+                    $argInfo->defaultValue = $param->default;
                 }
                 $defaultValueCount++;
-                $argInfo->default = $this->parseParamDefaultValue($param->default);
-                $argInfo->defaultValue = $param->default;
             } elseif ($param->variadic) {
                 // 变长参数可以视为空数组默认值
                 $defaultValueCount++;
@@ -2339,6 +2345,9 @@ class CompilerBase extends \PhpAot\Core\Translator
             // 命名参数中间存在空洞，需要使用默认参数填充
             foreach ($functionDef->argInfoList as $k => $argInfo) {
                 if (!isset($args[$k])) {
+                    if ($argInfo->defaultValue === null) {
+                        $this->fatalError($callArgs[$i], 'Named argument `' . $argInfo->name . '` is missing default value');
+                    }
                     $args[$k] = new Node\Arg($argInfo->defaultValue);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/Php/Translator.php b/src/Php/Translator.php
index 391332a3..0f8b3adc 100644
--- a/src/Php/Translator.php
+++ b/src/Php/Translator.php
@@ -954,7 +954,11 @@ class Translator extends Preprocessor
                 $cppCode .= '}' . PHP_EOL;
             } else {
                 if ($argInfo->default) {
-                    $argExpr = 'php::getCallArg(' . $k . ', ' . $argInfo->default . ')';
+                    if ($argInfo->byRef) {
+                        $argExpr = 'php::getCallArgByRef(' . $k . ', ' . $argInfo->default . ')';
+                    } else {
+                        $argExpr = 'php::getCallArg(' . $k . ', ' . $argInfo->default . ')';
+                    }
                 } else {
                     if ($argInfo->byRef) {
                         $argExpr = 'php::getCallArgByRef(' . $k . ')';
diff --git a/tests/aot/ref/default-array.phpt b/tests/aot/ref/default-array.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..350a70a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/aot/ref/default-array.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--TEST--
+ref call arg
+--FILE--
+<?php
+function foo(array &$ref = []) {
+    $ref[] = uniqid();
+    return $ref;
+}
+
+function main()
+{
+    $rs = foo();
+    var_dump($rs);
+
+    foo($rs);
+    var_dump($rs);
+}
+?>
+--EXPECTF--
+array(1) {
+  [0]=>
+  string(13) "%s"
+}
+array(2) {
+  [0]=>
+  string(13) "%s"
+  [1]=>
+  string(13) "%s"
+}
\ No newline at end of file